誰可以給我關於澳洲的 資料

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以下資料摘自美國中央情報局Introduction Australia Background: Aboriginal settlers arrived on the continent from Southeast Asia about 40

000 years before the first Europeans began exploration in the 17th century. No formal territorial claims were made until 1770

when Capt. James COOK took possession in the name of Great Britain. Six colonies were created in the late 18th and 19th centuries; they federated and became the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. The new country took advantage of its natural resources to rapidly develop its agricultural and manufacturing industries and to make a major contribution to the British effort in World Wars I and II. In recent decades

Australia has transformed itself into an internationally competitive

advanced market economy. It boasted one of the OECD's fastest growing economies during the 1990's

a performance due in large part to economic reforms adopted in the 1980's. Long-term concerns include pollution

particularly depletion of the ozone layer

and management and conservation of coastal areas

especially the Great Barrier Reef. Geography Australia Location: Oceania

continent between the Indian Ocean and the South Pacific Ocean Geographic coordinates: 27 00 S

133 00 E Map references: Oceania Area: total: 7

686

850 sq km land: 7

617

930 sq km water: 68

920 sq km note: includes Lord Howe Island and Macquarie Island Area - comparative: slightly smaller than the US contiguous 48 states Land boundaries: 0 km Coastline: 25

760 km Maritime claims: territorial sea: 12 nm contiguous zone: 24 nm exclusive economic zone: 200 nm continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin Climate: generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north Terrain: mostly low plateau with deserts; fertile plain in southeast Elevation extremes: lowest point: Lake Eyre -15 m highest point: Mount Kosciuszko 2

229 m Natural resources: bauxite

coal

iron ore

copper

tin

gold

silver

uranium

nickel

tungsten

mineral sands

lead

zinc

diamonds

natural gas

petroleum Land use: arable land: 6.55% (includes about 27 million hectares of cultivated grassland) permanent crops: 0.04% other: 93.41% (2001) Irrigated land: 24

000 sq km (1998 est.) Natural hazards: cyclones along the coast; severe droughts; forest fires Environment - current issues: soil erosion from overgrazing

industrial development

urbanization

and poor farming practices; soil salinity rising due to the use of poor quality water; desertification; clearing for agricultural purposes threatens the natural habitat of many unique animal and plant species; the Great Barrier Reef off the northeast coast

the largest coral reef in the world

is threatened by increased shipping and its popularity as a tourist site; limited natural fresh water resources Environment - international agreements: party to: Antarctic-Environmental Protocol

Antarctic-Marine Living Resources

Antarctic Seals

Antarctic Treaty

Biodiversity

Climate Change

Desertification

Endangered Species

Environmental Modification

Hazardous Wastes

Law of the Sea

Marine Dumping

Marine Life Conservation

Ozone Layer Protection

Ship Pollution

Tropical Timber 83

Tropical Timber 94

Wetlands

Whaling signed

but not ratified: Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol Geography - note: world's smallest continent but sixth-largest country; population concentrated along the eastern and southeastern coasts; the invigorating tropical sea breeze known as the